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WHEN VACCINATION GOES WRONG...
Adverse Reactions
Richard B. Ford, DVM, MS
North Carolina State University

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Residual virulence of attenuated vaccine

Canine Hepatitis Virus (CAV-1) Vaccine

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AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines

VACCINATION RECOMMENDATIONS Practice
RABIES VACCINATION (NEW)
OVERDUE for VACCINATION (NEW)
VACCINATION RECOMMENDATIONS Shelter-Housed Dogs
ANTIBODY TESTING vs VACCINATION (NEW)
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
VACCINE ADVERSE REACTIONS
VACCINE TYPES
VACCINE STORAGE & HANDLING (NEW)
THERAPEUTIC BIOLOGICS (NEW)
LICENSING of VACCINES
THE VACCINE LABEL (NEW)
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
REFERENCES and Appendices
LIFESTYLE FACTORS (NEW)

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Vaccine Adverse Events
- Lumps and Lethargy and Transient Pain/Discomfort
- Failure to Immunize
- Hypersensitivity
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 3
- Type 4
- Tumorigenesis (VAS)
- Transient Immune Suppression
- Inappropriate Administration of Vaccine
- Residual Virulence of an Attenuated (MLV) Vaccine
- Vaccine-Induced Interference with Diagnostic Tests
- Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder of Weimaraners
- Reversion to Virulence-MLV vaccine only (rare)

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Vaccine Adverse Events
- Lumps and Lethargy and Transient Pain/Discomfort
- Failure to Immunize
- Hypersensitivity
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 3
- Type 4
- Tumorigenesis (VAS)
- Transient Immune Suppression
- Inappropriate Administration of Vaccine
- Residual Virulence of an Attenuated (MLV) Vaccine
- Vaccine-Induced Interference with Diagnostic Tests
- Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder of Weimaraners
- Reversion to Virulence-MLV vaccine only (rare)

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Vaccine Adverse Events
- Lumps and Lethargy and Transient Pain/Discomfort
- Failure to Immunize
- Hypersensitivity
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 3
- Type 4
- Tumorigenesis (VAS)
- Transient Immune Suppression
- Inappropriate Administration of Vaccine
- Residual Virulence of an Attenuated (MLV) Vaccine
- Vaccine-Induced Interference with Diagnostic Tests
- Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder of Weimaraners
- Reversion to Virulence-MLV vaccine only (rare)

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#1 Cause: Failure to Immunize

Maternally Derived Antibody

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Maternal Antibody Interference
“window of susceptibility”

MLV Vaccines (distemper, parvovirus, adenovirus)

Titer

8 wk 12 wk 16 wk

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Vaccine Adverse Events
- Lumps and Lethargy and Transient Pain/Discomfort
- Failure to Immunize
- Hypersensitivity
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 3
- Type 4
Tumorigenesis (VAS)
Transient Immune Suppression
Inappropriate Administration of Vaccine
Residual Virulence of an Attenuated (MLV) Vaccine
Vaccine-Induced Interference with Diagnostic Tests
Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder of Weimaraners
Reversion to Virulence-MLV vaccine only (rare)

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Angioedema

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Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions

KILLED
MODIFIED-LIVE
RECOMBINANT
‘Naked’ DNA

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Killed (inactivated) Vaccine

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To Prevent:

Diphenhydramine
2-4 mg/kg, oral, ~30 minutes prior

Corticosteroids AND Vaccine at the same time???

To Treat:
Prednisolone
0.5-1.0 mg/kg, SQ or IM

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IMAGE

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IMAGE

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Considerations for vaccinating small breed dogs...
(<= 10 kg estimated adult wgt)

CONSIDER...
...administering NON-CORE vaccines 2-weeks after completion of the initial CORE vaccine series.

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Vaccine Adverse Events
Lumps and Lethargy and Transient Pain/Discomfort
- Failure to Immunize
- Hypersensitivity
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 3
- Type 4
Tumorigenesis (VAS)
Transient Immune Suppression
Inappropriate Administration of Vaccine
Residual Virulence of an Attenuated (MLV) Vaccine
Vaccine-Induced Interference with Diagnostic Tests
Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder of Weimaraners
Reversion to Virulence-MLV vaccine only (rare)

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IMAGE

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Immune-Mediated
Hemolytic Anemia
-or-
Vaccine-Induced (?)
-or-
Infectious
-or-
Neoplasia
-or-
Drug-associated

Agglutination in Anticoagulated Blood (EDTA)

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Vaccine Adverse Events
Lumps and Lethargy and Transient Pain/Discomfort
- Failure to Immunize
- Hypersensitivity
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 3
- Type 4
- Tumorigenesis (VAS)
-Transient Immune Suppression
- Inappropriate Administration of Vaccine
- Residual Virulence of an Attenuated (MLV) Vaccine
- Vaccine-Induced Interference with Diagnostic Tests
- Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder of Weimaraners
- Reversion to Virulence-MLV vaccine only (rare)

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Rabies Vaccine-Associated Ischemic Vasculitis

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IMAGE

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Post-Vaccination Vasculitis

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IMAGE

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Intranasal Bordetella
Injected SQ