VETSCOPE

Administering an oral fluid therapy to treat or prevent dehydration, as well as administration of antibiotics, will be part of the plan for eradicating the infection. In more severe cases, a plasma transfusion may also be necessary.

The main treatment for calf scours is providing water and electrolytes to the infected calves, this helps reduce dehydration and improves acid-base balance.

Treatment. Recovery of sheep from listeriosis depends on early detection of illness, together with prompt and aggressive antibiotic treatment prescribed by the vet. High doses of antibiotic are required to achieve appropriate concentrations within brain tissue to kill the bacteria

Treatment hygiene - using disinfectant to wash hands, equipment and the foot at routine claw trimming or lame cow treatment

Cryptosporidium spp. associated diarrhea sometimes resolves after administration of tylosin (10–15 mg/kg, PO, q12hr), azithromycin (10 mg/kg, PO, daily), or nitazoxanide (10–25 mg/kg, PO, q12–24 hr). Tylosin and nitazoxanide are GI irritants

The vibrio organism is susceptible to particular antibiotics. The treatment must be flushed into the sheath of the bull to be effective. Treatment of bulls by veterinarians may be warranted in special cases.

Once your pet is stabilized, surgery may be done to explore the abdomen and repair any defects. Your veterinarian will follow this with a thorough rinsing of the abdominal cavity to remove any irritating substances. Specialized drains are sometimes also placed at this time so that the abnormal fluid can continue to be removed after surgery. Antibiotics are continued after surgery. Nutritional support with intravenous feeding may be needed, as many animals with peritonitis will not eat after surgery. In animals with blood poisoning and shock, fluids, electrolytes, and antibiotics are crucial elements of treatment.

Antibiotics used to treat tularemia include streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Treatment usually lasts 10 to 21 days depending on the stage of illness and the medication used. Although symptoms may last for several weeks, most patients completely recover.

In many cases, treatment is not necessary. If warranted, your veterinarian will prescribe antibiotics to treat toxoplasmosis. Anticonvulsant medications may be used to control seizures. Fluids or other medication given by intravenous injection may be necessary for animals that are dehydrated or severely debilitated due to the infection.

Things you can do to reduce the likelihood of your dog's exposure to the fungus: Avoid activities that generate dust, reduce digging behavior by dogs, prevent sniffing in rodent holes, and keep dogs indoors more than outdoors.

Treatment is generally impractical in animals. Making sure that ingestion of viable Trichinella cysts in muscle does not occur is the best way to prevent disease in both animals and people. In North America, the assumption is that pork may be infected. Pork products that are not labeled as "ready to eat" should be heated to an internal temperature of 145°F (63°C) for roasts or 160°F (71°C) for ground meats.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a disease of humans and dogs that is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. (Rickettsiae are a specialized type of bacteria that live only inside other cells.) The spotted-fever group of organisms is found worldwide, but the closely related organisms within this group that cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever are only found in certain geographic areas of North, South, and Central America. They are often transmitted through the bites of infected ticks. In the United States, the American dog tick and the Rocky Mountain wood tick are considered the most important transmission agents for Rickettsia rickettsii. The brown dog tick also transmits the disease in some parts of the country (including Arizona) and in other countries. Direct transmission from dogs to humans has not been reported. Humans can become infected following contact with tick blood and lymph fluids or excretions during the removal of engorged ticks from their pets or themselves. Human infections usually involve the transfer of tick fluids through broken skin or through the eyes. Dogs are highly susceptible to infection. Early signs may include fever (up to 105°F [40.5°C]), loss of appetite, enlargement of the lymph nodes, inflammation of several joints, coughing or difficulty in breathing, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, and swelling of the face or extremities. In severe cases, unraised, perfectly round, purplish red spots may be seen on the linings of the eyelids and mouth. These spots are caused by bleeding below the surfaces of these tissues. Signs of nervous system involvement, such as altered mental states, impaired balance, and increased painful spinal sensitivity from a normally painless touch, may be seen. Between 1% and 10% of dogs with Rocky Mountain spotted fever die from the disease.

In salmon poisoning disease, signs appear suddenly, usually 5 to 7 days after eating infected fish. In some cases, however, the onset of signs may take as long as 33 days. Signs usually continue for 7 to 10 days before culminating in death in up to 90% of untreated animals. A high fever may be seen initially, which peaks in 1 to 2 days and then gradually returns to normal. Frequently, animals have abnormally low body temperature before death. Fever is accompanied by depression and complete loss of appetite in virtually all cases. Persistent vomiting usually occurs by day 4 or 5, followed by diarrhea that may be severe and contain blood. Dehydration and extreme weight loss occur. The lymph nodes may be enlarged. Nasal or eye discharges may be present.

All dogs are at risk but puppies younger than four months old and dogs that have not been vaccinated against canine distemper are at increased risk of acquiring the disease.

Vaccines against canine leishmaniosis are available in Europe and Brazil, and other vaccines are under development. Because dogs can serve as a source of infection for people, especially young children, preventing canine infections is important for human health in areas where leishmaniasis is prevalent.

The cause of AL amyloidosis is usually a plasma cell dyscrasia, an acquired abnormality of the plasma cell in the bone marrow with production of an abnormal light chain protein (part of an antibody).

In the control of Pythium diseases, emphasis is placed on providing good drainage and water management. Steam (at 140°F for 30 minutes), solarize (double-tent at 160°F for 30 minutes or 140°F at 1 hour), or chemically treat the growing medium.

Treatment: Phaeohyphomycosis is generally poorly responsive to treatment. Wide excision of cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions is recommended, followed by 6–12 mo of treatment with itraconazole (10 mg/kg/day). Nonresectable disease should be treated with itraconazole.

Treatment perfringens Type C and D toxoid (to produce antibodies which the calf obtains via colostrum) or vaccinating calves at birth or soon after helps reduce or eliminate incidence of this deadly kind of enterotoxemia

Glanders is a contagious, short- or longterm, usually fatal disease of the horse family caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei. The disease is characterized by the development of ulcerating growths that are most commonly found in the upper respiratory tract, lungs, and skin.